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Methodology and data sources

Figures on this site come from the files below. A page does not invent a rider, a wattage, or a cause for a price change. Retrieved 2026-10-10. EIA-861 2025 final data released 2026-10-07.

Utility pages and search

Each utility page reports that utility's 2025 residential price, bill, and usage from EIA Form 861, plus a state comparison, the annual history, and the counties in the service-territory file. The pages stay on the site. State pages and the bill calculator still link to them. Search engines are asked not to index those 2,530 URLs, and the sitemap leaves them out, because the pages repeat the same EIA fields for every utility. Links on the pages can still be followed.

A completeness rule decides which utilities appear in the ranked tables on a state page and in the rate-history menu. A utility is in that list when the largest residential customer count is at least 10,000, the page has a 2025 average price, average bill, and average monthly kilowatt-hours, a state comparison and a U.S. comparison are available, and the record has either at least one county in the service-territory file or at least five years of EIA-861 history that include a cents-per-kWh figure. 1,125 utilities meet that rule and 1,405 shorter records do not, out of 2,530 utility-state rows. The shorter records are linked under the tables. EIA's state adjustment row, utility number 99999, is described on its own and is not ranked as a company.

EIA-861 cents per kWh

For a utility, cents per kWh equals residential revenue divided by residential sales. In the Sales to Ultimate Customers sheet, revenue is in thousand dollars and sales are in megawatt-hours, so the ratio times 100 is cents per kWh. The average bill is revenue times 1,000, divided by customers, divided by 12. Average monthly kilowatt-hours are sales times 1,000, divided by customers, divided by 12. Duke Energy Carolinas in North Carolina is the check: revenue 3,144,752 thousand dollars and sales 23,445,019 MWh produce 13.41¢/kWh.

Service rows are kept separate. Bundled is preferred when it has sales and customers. Otherwise the page uses delivery, then energy. Delivery cents are labeled delivery-only and are not sorted against bundled cents on a state page. Texas transmission and distribution utilities are read from Delivery Companies, because they are not in Sales to Ultimate Customers. State and U.S. totals come from the Average Bill file, not from adding utility rows, which would double-count. The U.S. residential row is 17.23¢/kWh, $150.68 a month, 874.3 kWh, and 144,800,940 customers.

History uses the same formula on the annual files for 2015 through 2025. EIA-861 2025 zip.

Monthly state prices

July 2026 and July 2025 residential cents per kWh are Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.A (by State, July 2026 and 2025 (Cents per Kilowatthour)). Workbook, retrieved 2026-10-10. The U.S. figures are 18.31¢ in July 2026 and 17.45¢ in July 2025. The table does not give a cause.

Tariff math

Where a residential sheet was read, the calculator multiplies the printed fixed charge and the printed per-kWh lines, then rounds once to the cent. The EIA average is shown next to that total and is not added. Utilities without a checked sheet use only the EIA average, labeled as an average. 13 utilities have at least one encoded schedule. Schedules:

Utilities with a large customer count that still use only the EIA average include Pacific Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison, Commonwealth Edison, Consolidated Edison, Dominion Energy Virginia, DTE, Public Service Electric and Gas, Duke Energy Florida, Consumers Energy, and others whose rider stacks were not read from a current sheet. CPS Energy and Los Angeles Department of Water and Power are in that group. OpenEI and secondary rate blogs were not used as the source of an encoded rate.

Texas plans

Power to Choose CSV, retrieved 2026-10-10, 1,857 plans. Prices in the file are dollars per kWh at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 kWh. The estimator multiplies your kilowatt-hours by the nearest of those three disclosed prices. A cliff flag is on when the file marks minimum-usage fees or credits, when the fees/credits field is not empty, or when the 500 kWh price is more than 15 percent above the 1,000 kWh price.

Vehicles, appliances, and fuels

Electric vehicles: fueleconomy.gov vehicles file, retrieved 2026-10-10. Battery-electric rows, model year 2024 or newer, grouped by make and model. The page uses the newest year and the median combined kWh per 100 miles. 98 models.

Appliances: ENERGY STAR certified-product datasets that publish an annual kilowatt-hour field. The page uses the median. Sample size is the number of models in the download. 20 lists. Datasets with only an efficiency score were skipped.

Heating uses EIA residential prices and these EIA conversion factors, checked October 10, 2026: 3,412 Btu per kWh, 1,036 Btu per cubic foot of natural gas delivered to consumers, and 91,452 Btu per gallon of propane. HSPF2 and AFUE are inputs. Natural gas is the 2025 annual residential series. Propane and gasoline are weekly series for the week of October 5, 2026. States missing from a series use the U.S. price, and the tool says so.

RECS Table CE1.1 (2020 survey, revised March 2024) is cited only for total site energy, not for electricity alone. The electricity use figure in the usage guide is the EIA-861 monthly average times 12.

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